England's Policy of Transportation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

England's Policy of Transportation - Essay Example The rebellion in the colonies had made it impossible to use them as a penal colony and in 1788 England began to transport mass numbers of these criminals to Australia. This dark period in England's criminal justice history saw the transportation of 160,000 people to the continent (Sheehan, Miller, & Hudzik, n.d.). Many were children, some were elderly, and most had been convicted of only very minor offences. England's Policy of Transportation was a heinous immorality, unjustly perpetrated in an ineffective attempt to control England's lower class and their petty crimes. The harshness of Britain's reaction to crime is understandable as upper class citizens feared the pickpockets and thieves and demanded action from the government. However, to send any person, not to mention a child, across the sea with no hope of returning strips them of their last remaining possession, their cultural identity. The initial voyage contained 700 convicts whose number included a 9 year old boy convicted of stealing and an 82 year old woman caught lying under oath (Martz, 2000). These hapless passengers were thrown together with a brutal adult population to endure abuse and worse. According to Dunlop (1997),"All prisoners were treated alike, and conditions were harsh; appalling living conditions, disease, hunger, floggings and general neglect were prevalent and many convicts died en route or upon arrival." The severity of these actions were as appalling in the 16th century as they are today. Though men outnumbered women 6 to 1, women were often the target of criminal convictions in an effort to increase the female population in Australia (Martz, 2000). Innocent women could be convicted, not because of their crime, but because of their gender. Men in the new penal colony demanded wives and the British system was eager to provide them. Providing women to the penal colony was viewed as a method of adding stability to the system and many were forced into prostitution upon landing. Often, they would be taken prisoner by male inmates or sold into sexual slavery (Martz, 2000). The injustice of condemning a woman to a life of slavery for political convenience is seldom rivalled in modern history. The years of practising a Policy of Transportation did little to impact or reduce Britain's criminal population. The root causes of crime were poverty and a well-defined class structure. The failure to address these problems left the threat of transportation an impotent weapon on the war on crime. Though the horrors of a lifetime of banishment may have deterred some criminals to be less aggressive in their activity, the rising numbers eliminated any possible gain that deterrence might have. The relatively small numbers of violent criminals included in transportation verifies that the policy did little to correct England's crime problem. Sending women, children, or anyone else to a lifetime of banishment away from all they know is an immoral act when done in response to minor crimes against property. Sentencing them to a lifetime of misery and possible death was an injustice of vast proportions. Transporting women, unfairly convicted for the purpose of creating a class of sexual slaves, was inexcusable even in the context of the times. That it was an ineffective effort resulting from a war against the lower class residents of the slums

Rio Bravo IV - Case Analysis Essay Example for Free

Rio Bravo IV Case Analysis Essay Question 1. Are there any justifiable reasons for this response by NUMMI/Toyota people? Or was it just nit-picking? Yes, there are justifiable reasons. In the Japanese culture, quality is the one of the most important determinates in choosing a supplier. They had specific standards that they developed and applied throughout their entire organization, they expected the same from their supplier (Garbage in Garbage out premise). They saw promise in Rio Bravo IVs willingness to adapt to these changes and they rose to meet the challenge because they soon realized the benefit of this strong TQM could have in the plant. In fact some concepts spread to Rio Bravo IVs suppliers, such as kanban (JIT?) having just enough products for the order to be shipped that day, thus eliminating works in progress and holding inventory. Question 2. This practice (restricting the reject holders) is an application of what concept from this chapter? This is an example of undercapacity planning. Packard had the exceptional ability of organization through all levels of its production. Everything had order, a specific place, specific time plan. Packard originally had a large rack to place defective/undesirable products during which a certain period of time would be allotted for reviewing these problems and determining a solution (kaizen). By reducing the size of the rack, fewer defective/undesirable products could be placed on the rack, this forced people to develop solutions as they worked on the product. Also in the back of their head they realized that this left fewer room for error and variation in products. They even applied this process to the drinking water, if water is not in the rack, it is destroyed, there is no room for excess capacity (inventory). Question 3. In what Rio Bravo IV operations would this diagramming method be effective? Discuss. It should be effective in all levels of their organization. Former CEO Jack Welch was a huge emphasis on eliminating non-value added functions. By eliminating non-value added functions and streamlining value added functions a organization is able to focus on what it needs to do to get a product to a customer, able to save costs through elimination of non-value added functions, and most importantly it saves time for more focus on the value added steps. This elimination of non-value added can be applied to manufacturing (as shown in Ex. A) and the office (eliminate papers and bureaucracy of signing off/getting recommendation). Question 4. What benefits in addition to protection do the box dividers offer? Discuss. The divider also offers support from crushing the middle of the box. More importantly, the divider allows more than one product to be placed in a package, thus saving on shipping, this can help shorten the time devoted to labeling products (Ex. A). It can also allow for the expansion of multiple products being shipped. Question 5. What does this case suggest about management of the global company? What does it suggest about the influence of culture? Even if one does not manage an international company the environment of outside cultures should have an impact on its operations management. We have learned through our class that we studied the Japanese concept of kaizen (continuous improvement) and applied those to our own organizations, even if we did not directly do business with the Japanese. This is a concept of applying best practices to gain competitive advantage in a market. The concept of considering culture becomes even more important when directly dealing with a foreign culture. We must take into account their expectations in their culture in order to provide them with a high quality product. The ability for an organization to adapt to a foreign cultures demand gives a firm a marketable competitive advantage. Many times these firms that have such high demands only want the best possible product. By learning their  best practices and adapting to a customers needs a firm gains needed information on the changing global environment.

A Literature Review Of Travel Behavior Tourism Essay

A Literature Review Of Travel Behavior Tourism Essay Krobeber 1996, cited from Zhong, Zhang, Yang and Guo 2007 develops a related decision making model. Within this model, he claims that the tourist behaviour is determined by three elements: travel perception, travel attitude and travel motivation. He further suggests that there are two level influences. The first level influence of Krobeber (1996, cited from Zhong, Zhang, Yang and Guo 2007) can be affected from internal factors such as personal psychological factor and the second level influence comes from external social factors such as family background or group influence. The main contributions regarding motivation is the Maslows hierarchy of needs model (Maslow 1970), the escape or seek model (Iso-Ahola 1982; Ross and Iso-Ahola 1991) and the push and pull method (Crompton 1979). Mill and Morrison (1985) argues that travel motivations fit into Maslows hierarchical needs namely, physiological, safety, belonging, self-esteem and self-actualization. Also they identified two other needs: aesthetics and knowledge. The human needs physiological, safety/security and belonging/love were categorized as tension-reducing, while the self-esteem, self-actualization, acquiring knowledge and aesthetic as inductive arousal-seeking motives (Figure 2.1) Motivation is one of variables that can explain tourist behavior; it is regarded as one of the most important variables (Baloglu and Uysal 1996). There are many of researches assure that travel decision making is best explained and predicted by the push and pull approach include Backman, Backman, Uysal and Sunshine 1995; Baloglu and Uysal 1996; Ercan, Uysal and Yoshioka 2003. Crompton (1979) explains that motivation is a necessary and important force behind all behavior. People travel because they are pushed and pulled to do so by motivational factors (Baloglu and Uysal 1996). Push motivation is related to the decision, whether to go, and pull motivation addresses the question of where to go (Klenosky 2002). Crompton (1979) used unstructured in-depth interviews and explored push motivation and pull motivation, he summarizes that push is socio-psychological motives that activate people to travel and pull is cultural motives that attract people to a particular destination. Traditionally, the push motivations have been thought useful for explaining the desire for travel while the pull motivations have been thought useful for explaining the actual destination choice (Crompton 1979). According to Ross and Iso-Ahola (1991), push motivation can be considered as psychological factor and pull motivation is physical factor. These two factors can influence travel decisions and leisure engagements. Jang and Cai (2002) point that push refers to the internal facto rs that drive individuals to travel and pull is concerned about the external factors that determine where, when, and how they travel. Kim (2008) addresses that the push factor can be considered as to travel by intangible factors such as escape, relax, exploration) and pull factor is to decide destinations by tangible factors such as attractions, facilities. Motivation as one of the most important theories, it is recognized the key of the success of travel market. Iso-Ahola (1982) observes that people take part in various leisure and travel activities due to their own need. Tourist motivation is associated with individuals desires for achieving various purposes through travel (Kim and Beck 2009). Furthermore, studies of tourist motivation can assist destination managers to understand how well the destination characteristics fit the needs of the travelers (Goeldner Ritchie, 2006) and design tourism products and services containing tourist needs. Destination choice and selection 2.3.1 Influential factors to make tourism decision Once the decision made to start tourism, the decision maker is in front of many questions, such like where to travel, whom to travel with and how to travel. In general, this is a process to collect, organize and assess the information (Liu, 2008). 2.3.1.1 Environmental perception Environment perception refers to the tourism information rooted in mind, the old information and collected information. In general, this is the whole impression for the travelling. The potential tourists would be influenced by the environment perception. Though there might be some very significant tourist destinations, the tourists will not go the famous places that have no impression in their mind and perception. That is what we called environmental perception. Environmental perception mainly include first, the popularity of tourist, which is the first impression of the tourism destination, the tourist will neglect other same destinations; second is tourism distance, the influential factor to the decision is the imaginary distance, not the real distance of the destination. The imaginary distance is made of unreal distance, and time cost, money cost, and energy. 2.3.1.2 Principle of maximum benefit Principle of maximum benefit refers to the tourists will get the best enjoyment within certain budget during the tourism. Tourists will think it over before making a decision to travel. The main principles of maximum benefit are: The minimum time on tourism, it means that the decision to travel will be made according to time spending on it, if the time spending is less than a level, then the decision will be made. Tourists are in favor of less time spending on the travelling. Second is the popularity of tourism destination. The tourism destinations with higher popularity are more attractive, and tourists have gained more information though tourism. Meanwhile, the tourism destination, which has different culture, will arouse the interest for tourism. Beside the two factors, there are other influential factors: best tourism destination, proper price and comfortable accommodation. 2.3.1.3 Tourism preference Tourism preference refers to the humans impression based on their characters over the reality. The tourism preference of tourists is influenced by humans personal impression. The tourism preference is decided by personal impression of tourists. Regarding tourism preference, there are three factors to research, including age, occupation and education. 2.3.2 Content of tourism decision Before starting the tourism, the tourists are supposed to make a lot of decisions; any of them will take personal factors and will into consideration besides external factors. For example, they will ask for some suggestions and think about the tourism route and travelling partner. These questions mainly include information channel, decision maker, travelling partners and tourism pattern. 2.3.2.1 Information channel Information channel is the way to obtain and collect the information. With various channel, it is able to obtain the product information, or other users experience of using the products. As the society turns into a information-based ear, the information channel is various, which including networking channel, newspaper, books and magazine, television, internet and tourism institutions and so on. 2.3.2.2 Decision consultant Decision consultant is someone who the tourist will ask for suggestions before starting tourism. Potential tourists will take suggestions into consideration, and then is more likely to ask for others consultation about where to go and how to go. 2.3.2.3 Tourism partners People would like to find partners when go shopping, the same like tourists, many people like to start tourism with partners. According to experts of consumer behavior, they have made further analysis on the relationship between person and his partners in shopping. According to analysis, the shopping partners are intended to provide the suggestions based on their experience on the products and marketing, while the relationship between them is not intimate, such like neighbor, colleague and schoolmates. However, the suggestions might be focusing on the persons characters and personal demand, while relationship between them is intimate, such like family members. Choices from tourism partners are not only a reliable resource, but also the suggestions and advices. 2.3.2.4 Ways of tourism Ways of tourism is focusing on how to reach the destination. In general, there are two ways to travel, first is joining the travelling agency, and another is individual tourism. In this context, it will specify ways of tourism into several aspects, including joining travelling agency, individual tourism depending on maps, companys tourism, communitys tourism, institutions tourism and others. 2.4 The senior travel market 2.4.1 The seniors travel market in oversea For overseas countries, as they started the tourism analysis in an early time, traced from 1980, the understanding towards tourism of the old people is very fruitful (Liu, 2008). It reflects in these aspects: Research on tourism motivation Regarding the research of tourism for the old people, it mainly focuses on tourism motivation and perception. The research has applied many methods, including questionnaire, on-spot survey. The method mainly focuses on the incentive and influential factors. Besides these methods, many other scientific measures have been applied. For example, a survey on the old people in Israel has been made by Aliza Fleischer in 2002. According to the survey, it found that the main influential factors are income and health, also the tourism time is also changing according to age. For the people aged from 55 to 65, they have rising free time and income, which is decisive to the increasing tourism times. For the people aged above 65, as their income and health going down, the tourism time is reducing (Aliza, 2002). Jaesoo et al. (2003) have applied neural network of describing method to estimate the weight of influential factors towards the old peoples tourism. Meanwhile, it applied the non-neural network model to describe the relationship between tourists and tourism products. Anderson and Langmeyer(1982) analyzed the relationship between the old people and tourism. According to survey, tourists aged above 50 prefer tourism or visiting relatives to enjoy themselves. However, tourist aged below 50 prefer out-door activities or other entertainment facility to enjoy themselves Goossens (2000) proposed the model called enjoyment incentive, which is also called model of intention, stimulation and reaction. The model includes the factor of pulling and pushing. Regarding the factor of pushing, it refers to environment, social status, relax and friendship; in respect of the factor of pulling, it refers to the situation of tourism. It emphasized the relationship between pulling and pushing, it considered that these two factors are two sides of a coin, which is closely tied in tourists mind. Crompton and Mckay (1997) pointed out that there are 6 incentives to attend the activities, including experiencing culture, curiosity, return, and balance, social activity with friends, official activity and family activity (Crompton and Mckay, 1997). Research on tourism behavior of the old people Regarding the old people, the research on detailed behavior of tourism is comparatively fewer, mainly focusing on the difference of behavior compared with others. Blazey (1992) has made a research on the relationship of tourism before and after retired, plus the usage of tourism information of the old people. Lewiser Aiken (2001) has pointed out that friendship is a networking, a mental support and a resource of information and entertainment for the old people. Meanwhile, he pointed out that the old people are more reliable to get information from prints, such like newspaper and other magazines. Romsa and Blenman (1989) compared the difference of tourists aged below 50 and above 60 in German; the result is that the tourism time is more flexible for the people aged above 60. Research on tourism market of the old people The research market of the old people played a part in the whole research, mainly focusing on how to attract the old people in tourism market. Charles D ¼Ã… ½Schewe (1985) indicated that the reason to target the old people in tourism market, as they have large potential and sustainable purchasing power. Francis et al. (1988) regarding the rising number of the old people in USA, it trying to find a way to attract them for the tourism industry, and an information channel to help them set up the vacation plan. In general, regarding the tourism behavior of the old people, the features are: the main influential factors are income and health; also time, income, health age will influence the length and time of tourism; the tourism time will be reduce in accordance with the rising age; friendship is an important information resource for tourism; tourism time is flexible; purpose of tourism is for self-enjoyment. 2.4.2 The seniors travel market in China Since 1999, our society became an aged society, the old people was the main part of society, which is also played an important part in the tourism industry. The research of tourism behavior for the old people started from 1990, in this case, the research has been only in the primary step so far. The core of research was the tourism industry of the old people with many results. However, the research of tourism behaviors feature of the old people is very few (Liu, 2008). Research on the old peoples tourism Though the experts have involved in this issue for not a long time, there has some results. Wei (2001) thinks that the tourism incentive of the old people include health, culture, history and recollecting memory. The old people prefer cultural and historical cities, and would like to go travelling with families, friends or fellows. Liu (2005) thinks that the influential factors on the old peoples shopping include friend, culture, economy, mind and heart and commercial environment. According to a research made by Yu (2003), regarding the old people in Jiangxi, they have large demand on health recovery tourism due to the problems in health condition. Their information channel is mainly the traditional advertisement. Their way to go travelling is mainly following the travel agency. They prefer cultural and historical cities and spend less than average level. Wang (1999) argues that the old people are in a pure shopping stage which is very rational and have high requirement on quality of the products than others. Casual consumption and service consumption takes big proportion. According to an analysis regarding the old peoples tourism industry in Taiyuan made by Zhang (2006), the travelling rate is higher for male than female, especially among the people aged from 60-65. The tourism purposes are mainly for sightseeing, self-enjoyment and recollecting memories; the shopping level are middle level, and the tourism time are seldom in peak season. A survey regarding the tourisms of the old people in Shanghai, the rate of tourism is high with moderate time. The purposes of tourism are mainly sightseeing and for health recovery which is very traditional. They spend money very carefully and will choose to follow the travel agency. They prefer transportation of bus and train. The distance of tourism mainly focuses on short or medium long. They prefer natural environment (Hou, Yin and Chen, 2005). Also a survey regarding the old people in Fuzhou, the rate of tourism is divided into two extreme levels, high and low; the spending time of tourism is estimated to reach one week. The purposes of tourism are for sightseeing, health recovery or visiting relatives. They paid much attention on comfort, security and seldom ask for luxury accommodations. The transportation is mainly bus or train. They prefer travelling with partners and fewer will follow the travel agency. Security concern is the main obstacle for tourism (Tang, 2001). According to an analysis regarding the old people of Chongqing in tourism industry, sports tourism has the same purposes with common tourism; the purposes are for health condition, entertainment and health recovery. The information channel is mainly from company and relatives. They prefer individual travelling. The old people held a prudential attitude towards shopping. Male is the majority to attend sports tourism. The rate of tourism is low for people aged above 65 (Yang, 2003). The main research methods are questionnaire and interview. The research of the old peoples tourism behavior focuses on the incentive and preference, travelling method, transportation, information channel and spending cost. The features of the old peoples behavior are based on demography and influential factors of tourism behavior. Research on tourism industry of the old people In the domestic research, the feature of the old peoples tourism market, feasibility and expansion strategy plays a big part. According to Li (2005), regarding the old people, there are 6 features in tourism industry, such like enjoyment and prefer travelling at off-season. Li (2001) has made an analysis on the old peoples feasibility in tourism industry, which including factors of purchasing power, incentive, purpose, time and health condition. Xu and Chen (2001) proposed that it needs to focus on these factors to explore the tourism market of the old people, including research, products strategy, channel strategy and other promotions. The research on the old people in tourism industry is mature, which has reached an agreement on features on the old people in tourism industry, feasibility, and development research and mature strategy. These results are significant to the following research. However, these researches are limited due to lack of on-spot examination (Liu, 2008). In summary, features of the old people in tourism industry are as follows: the purposes are for self-enjoyment, sightseeing and health recovery; natural scenery and historical sites are attractive; travel time is seldom in peak season; health condition is better than before, and is able to attend some not-so-tough tourism; relatives and friends are the main information channel; joining travelling agency is the main way to tourism; prefer the tourism with family, friends and fellows; holding a prudential attitude towards travelling; taking bus and train as the main transportation with high requirements on travelling safety. 2.4.3 Researched the Nanjing seniors travel market Consumers demand will trigger him to shopping and decide his shoppings way. After entering into the old age, a person has changed psychically with rich experiences in life and consumption. Their consumption behavior is different with other ages, which is very specific and characteristic. This special consumption characteristic could be found in tourism motivation, time, manner and destination preference and other relative aspects. Research on behavior of the aged in tourism will contribute to better understanding to their demand and will help the expansion of tourism industry for the aged (Wei, no date supplied). Wei (no date supplied) has researched the Nanjing seniors travel market and analysis several behaviors below: 2.4.3.1 Tourism motivation Nostalgia For the aged, they have a very memorable time in the past. Though after years, they are willing to go back to the place where they have lived, or talk with the old friends to remind the old time. Loneliness Generally the aged have more free time, and most of their sons and daughters live without them. Their sons and daughters are busy at work, has little time to take care parents. What they can do is to visit parents home on weekend and have some small talk. However, for those who work in other cities, they cannot be with their parents. In this case, many old people feel lost and lonely. Therefore, tourism is able to satisfy their life and attract their attention. Increasing knowledge For many old people, they only heard the names of some famous tourism destination, but due to various reasons, there is no chance to go there. Many old people want to go travelling while the health condition and economy allow, they want to feel and know the prospect of the outside world. Health and entertainment The life of old people is focusing on family and health from previous work. They choose to work out through tourism and entertainment, to go to the natures, for more fresh air, or to live in suburb place. Many obedient children will arrange family tourism; some will drive their car and bring parents together to go on a short tourism to peripheral area. In the tourism, the old people will have a lot of fun. Tourism time Due to health limitation, the old people are not willing to go travelling in winter or summer. They prefer spring or autumn, mainly in May, June, September, November (Wang, 2003). Because this period has proper temperature and humidity, it is good for travel, especially for the aged. Due to limited budget and other reasons, generally the old people are not willing to take a long trip, they prefer short or not-long trip. They want to spend a certain time, such like one week. Tourism manner In general, the old people need stability and security in the tourism, and ask for relax, freedom, comfort, and leisure. Most old people will choose to follow travelling agency. For the old people ¼Ã…’their energy is weaker than other young tourists. Also, they want to enjoy their no matter vacation or rest, they want to fully satisfy their demand for fun, and do not want to pay much attention for accommodations. They prefer joining travel agency for the convenience. Tourism destination According to survey, the purpose of tourism of the old people is mainly for the natural prospect. The tourism with purpose of health is more than pure tourism. It signified that due to the health condition, the old people have more demand in healthy tourism. The tourism destination is closely tied with the age of tourism. The elder tourists prefer cultural destination. For the old tourist, they prefer famous mountain scenery and places of interest, especially natural scenery and revolution scenic spot (Qiu, 2006). As people have different taste to their choice, the old people have their own choice in tourism. However, no matter where to go, they will take security and convenience into consideration. In general, they prefer some places with good environment, or famous cultural cities, religion places, and places with folk custom. Also they like the destinations with slow living rhythm, longstanding culture and high status in history. Tourism expense The old tourists are mainly frugal and holding an economical attitude, requiring comfort and security. They ask little about luxury life. Their consumption awareness mainly is practical and economical. Though the consumption price is rising, too higher price will stop their consumption. Meanwhile, the fee is mostly paid by the old peoples children; and they do not want their children to pay a big bill. They prefer economical tourism. According to survey, there are 17% old people are in well-off economy condition with rising demand for tourism, however, another 70% old people who has requirement for tourism but they need the economical one (Liu, 2007). As the old people get retired, they have plenty of time. Generally speaking, the old people are a group who spend longest time in tourism, with an average day of 10.3, which keeps rising (Hu, 2002). As the old people have more time to travel, they will spend more in entertainment and accommodation. Especially they have significant potential in shopping. 2.5 Hypotheses According to Valerie (1997), setting up and testing a hypothesis is an essential part of statistical inference. In order to create a test of a hypothesis, the starting point is to present a theory that is either believed to be true or is intended to be used as the basis for an argument. The aim of using a hypothesis here is to investigate the real perceived impact of the tourism industry in Huairou. Generally speaking, a hypothesis is a type of prediction which will not always turn out to be accurate, depending on the facts of the particular case. So, all of the predictions must be tested and proven (or disproved) using data analysis and/or further investigation. The hypotheses are based on a review of the prior literature, and the hypotheses have two parts.

White Collar Crime vs. Street Crime :: Crime Violence American Society Essays

White Collar Crime vs. Street Crime One problem that plagues our society is crime. Crime is all around us in our everyday lives. Daily we hear of murders, robberies, and rapes. These are categorized as "street crimes." For many people, such crimes are the only "tragic" crimes, the ones that are senseless and preventable. In Finsterbusch's book, Taking Sides, another variety of crime is exposed. This other form of crime is "white collar" crime. Both have victims, and the effects of both can be devastating to the individuals involved and to the community. The views of the two arguments proposed in the text do reach one common conclusion. Both street and white collar crime have severe consequences. In most instances, white collar crime is, financially, more costly. This does not mean that white-collar crime does not inflict bodily harm upon people. Multi- million dollar corporations can be twice as deadly as a gang member. When a woman dies of lead exposure from her job, it is murder. Whether a man is murdered by a gun or by an unsafe gas tank in his car, it is still called murder. In both scenarios, there is a defined victim. The one answer that our politicians give for solving street crime is more money for the Justice system. More cops, more judges, and definitely more jails and prisons. There are shows, such as "Cops," that shows America the "truth" about crime in the US. All the attention is given to street crime. Unless it is a huge scandal, you will seldom hear of white collar crime through the media. When white collar crime is reported, it gets little publicity compared to a gang shoot-out that killed a mother and her three kids. There is a reason for this. Since violent street crime is predominantly an urban problem, there is no better scapegoat than the lower class that live in these inner-city communities. Since urban communities are concentrated with people of color, the image of minorities soon becomes that of a criminal. By creating the idea that its "us against them," the justice system convinces voters that street crime is the evil of all evils. This allows money to be justifiably funneled into the justice system. This mind set says that its acceptable for people to be murdered by unsafe working conditions, and unsafe products. In addition, its unacceptable for murder to be committed by means of a gun, knife, or weapon. As well as supporting isolation from other people, such policies cause racism and stereotyping. Police have pictures of "criminals" in their minds. White Collar Crime vs. Street Crime :: Crime Violence American Society Essays White Collar Crime vs. Street Crime One problem that plagues our society is crime. Crime is all around us in our everyday lives. Daily we hear of murders, robberies, and rapes. These are categorized as "street crimes." For many people, such crimes are the only "tragic" crimes, the ones that are senseless and preventable. In Finsterbusch's book, Taking Sides, another variety of crime is exposed. This other form of crime is "white collar" crime. Both have victims, and the effects of both can be devastating to the individuals involved and to the community. The views of the two arguments proposed in the text do reach one common conclusion. Both street and white collar crime have severe consequences. In most instances, white collar crime is, financially, more costly. This does not mean that white-collar crime does not inflict bodily harm upon people. Multi- million dollar corporations can be twice as deadly as a gang member. When a woman dies of lead exposure from her job, it is murder. Whether a man is murdered by a gun or by an unsafe gas tank in his car, it is still called murder. In both scenarios, there is a defined victim. The one answer that our politicians give for solving street crime is more money for the Justice system. More cops, more judges, and definitely more jails and prisons. There are shows, such as "Cops," that shows America the "truth" about crime in the US. All the attention is given to street crime. Unless it is a huge scandal, you will seldom hear of white collar crime through the media. When white collar crime is reported, it gets little publicity compared to a gang shoot-out that killed a mother and her three kids. There is a reason for this. Since violent street crime is predominantly an urban problem, there is no better scapegoat than the lower class that live in these inner-city communities. Since urban communities are concentrated with people of color, the image of minorities soon becomes that of a criminal. By creating the idea that its "us against them," the justice system convinces voters that street crime is the evil of all evils. This allows money to be justifiably funneled into the justice system. This mind set says that its acceptable for people to be murdered by unsafe working conditions, and unsafe products. In addition, its unacceptable for murder to be committed by means of a gun, knife, or weapon. As well as supporting isolation from other people, such policies cause racism and stereotyping. Police have pictures of "criminals" in their minds.

Mixed Method Research Design Essay

Introduction. This essay is devoted to a mixed method research design. In the paper special attention is paid to quantitative and qualitative approach for the design of a research as essential components of a mixed research paradigm. A mixed method design. There are main research paradigms in education and science. They are: quantitative research, qualitative research and mixed research. A mixed research design is a general type of research that includes quantitative and qualitative research data, techniques and methods. All these paradigm characteristics are mixed in one case study. This method design involves research that uses mixed data (numbers and text) and additional means (statistics and text analysis). A mixed method uses both deductive and inductive scientific method, has multiple forms of data collecting and produces eclectic and pragmatic reports (Creswell 2002, p.69).   Two main types of a mixed method are: mixed method and mixed model research. A mixed research method is a research in which you use quantitative data for one stage of a research study and qualitative data for a second stage of a research. A mixed model design is a research in which you use both quantitative and qualitative data in one or two stages of the research process. The mixing of quantitative and qualitative approaches happens in every stage of a research. In a research it is important to use a mixed research method for the conducting of a detailed research. The advantages of a mixed research are: The strength of the research; Use of multiple methods in a research helps to research a process or a problem from all sides; Usage of different approaches helps to focus on a single process and confirms the data accuracy. A mixed research complements a result from one type of research with another one. This research does not miss any available data. Difference of quantitative and qualitative components of a mixed method design. A quantitative component of a mixed research assumes the usage of deductive scientific method while qualitative component assumes inductive scientific method. Moreover, a quantitative approach collects quantitative data based on exact measurement applying structured as well as validated information collection (Creswell 2002, p.74). For instance, rating scales, closed-ended items and responses. This approach produces statistical report with correlations. A qualitative component uses qualitative information. For instance, interview, field notes, open-ended questions etc. This approach considers a researcher to be the major means of information collection. At the end of a research this approach supposes a narrative report with context description, quotations taken from research material. It is important to stress that there are many ways of research performing. Quantitative and qualitative methods have their advantages and disadvantages in a research. However, you may summarize the advantages of both methods and have accurate information on implementation, findings and conclusions of your research project. Qualitative and quantitative research methods have different strengths, weaknesses and requirements that affect researcher’s project accuracy. The aim of a mixed method design is to summarize positive aspects of two approaches and produce a highly accurate data (Creswell 2002, p.98). When you use several methods in your research process, then you can use the strength of every type of information collection and minimize the weak points of every of both approaches. A mixed method approach of gathering and evaluation can increase the validity and accuracy of the information. Conclusion. The essay briefly analyzes a mixed method research design including the major components: quantitative and qualitative approach for the design of a research. The paper proves the effectiveness of a mixed method design. References. Creswell J. W. (2002). â€Å"Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Appro†. Sage Publications; 2 edition, 246 pp.

super size Essay Example

super size Essay Example super size Essay super size Essay Super Size Me 1 . A vegan diet, is where people dont use anything od animal origin. Vegans do not use anything made from animal based products. People become vegan either because of animal rights, envirnmental factors, or becuase they want better health. Vegans do not use any product that comes from animals even clothing like Leather, wool or cosmetics. The difference between a vegan and a vegetarian, is that vegetarians eat eggs and dairy products. And use animal based products clothing, cosemtics etc. People become vegan to lower the risk of cancer, diabetes, heart isease and hypertension, that can be caused from eating animal fats and proteins. Vegans eat whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and legumes, because they contain no cholestrol and are low in fat, especially saturated fats. They are high in fiberr and other nutrients needed. There are several plant based foods that are good sources of protein such as beans, peanuts, and soya. Vegans are also more at risk to developing vitamin 812 deficiency, because the human can not use the plant based form of the vitamin. Vegans are for animal rights they believe that animals should live their life without human interference. They believe that to many of our resources are used to feed animals to eat them, when we could be using them for human resources. Some studies show that vegans live longer than people that eat red meat and animal fats. 2. Two barriers that people perceive as barriers to eating healthy are that they dont like healthy foods and that healthy foods are expensive. Many people use the excuse that they dont like healthy foods and that they crave for sweets and higher fat foods. A solution to this barrier would be to get into a habit of not listening to what you know you like and give new foods a chance. Dont try and give up the foods you like in ne day, you Just have to change how often you eat it. Think more positive about healthy foods, then focusing on the negatives. A solution to the barrier that healthy food is expensive, is that you should plan a weeks worth of food so that you dont have the need to go out to eat. You can save money by buying store brand products, then buying name brand products that cost more. You can start to learn how to cook in healthy ways. 3. Morgan interviewed Mr. Gorske, that ate big macs everyday. He looked healthy because of his weight but he says that probably 90% of his food in take comes from big macs. Mr. Gorske says that he has eaten about 265 big macs a month, which is about 8. 5 big macs a day. If ture he would be taking in 4,600 calories and 247 grams of fat daily. In one month he can take in as much as 143,100 calories and 16. 9 pounds of fat a month. That is not healthy for a 59 year old man. Even though his cholestrol is below average, I have no doubt in my mind that he is at risk for depression, and high blood pressure. The high levels of fat and sodium in the food can cause high blood pressure or hypertension. Excessive sodium intake can have a negative impact on the renal function, and can even lead to kidney disease. In the small fries at Macdonalds they have about 200 calories, and in the super size fries has about 600 calories. The high levels of fat and sodium also contribute to heart diease by raising the blood cholesterol levels and contribute to arterial plaque bulid up. High levels of fatty acids that are found in fast f can lead to fatty liver deposits, over time can cause liver dysfunction and disease. In the documentary Morgan had all of his vitamins were under 50% of what he needed after starting the super size me experiment. On day 30 he had gained about 18% of his body weight. He felt fatigue, depressed and felt shitty when he didnt eat macdonalds his body was getting addicted to it. He also got massice headaches. He turned he liver into fat. It was about 5 months to lose all of the weight has gained, 20 pounds, and 8 weeks to get his cholestoral back to normal. He was on a vegan diet, but after he lost the weight he went back to eating meats. 4. Someone that eats well and is active, but over weight can be considered healthy because It depends on how your body takes in the food. People that are overweight can be healthy. If they equal out the physical activity and the calories they take in, they will be healthy. I think it depend on how your body works. Some people absorb all of the calories and store them faater then others. Others can use up all of the calories and fat faster than others. 5. Some barriers of physical activity to teens are that they are to lazy, they dont have time, have no self motivation, and think that excerise is not enjoyable. Myself, excersise is hard to keep motivating yourself to keep on doing it on a daily routine. I dont think that excerise is enjoyable until you get into a routine, and are able to do the activity better then before. Its also hard to find time, some student work, babysit or have ther things needed to be done. I think that students should have a gym class every year to help motivate them to do it. 6. Yes, I do think that living an active and healthy life is costly because all Junk food is lower in cost than the cost of healthier foods. Whole grain bread is almost a dollar or more than the white bread. So people with a low income will find it more affordable to buy more Junk food than the healthier foods. Doing physical activity can be at a cost, depending on what you want to do. But on the other hand you can Just go for a walk or a Jog at not cost. Michelle Nolan

An Appreciation of the Short Story The Black Veil by Charles Dickens Essays

An Appreciation of the Short Story The Black Veil by Charles Dickens Essays An Appreciation of the Short Story The Black Veil by Charles Dickens Paper An Appreciation of the Short Story The Black Veil by Charles Dickens Paper Essay Topic: Black Boy Literature Charles Dickens, as a novel writer, is renown for writing in excessive amounts in order to describe people or the atmosphere, or for setting scenes. However, in his short stories, such as The Black Veil, he has to keep the story short, and so cannot afford to go into as much detail as he would prefer. However, being one of the great authors of all time, he still manages to create classic works in just a few pages. The Black Veil is approximately 10 pages long, which, compared with Dickens novels, is very short indeed, even smaller than a usual chapter in a novel. In the first paragraph, Dickens ttempts to set the scene by describing the weather. Usually, he would write for a relatively long time about such a thing, but here he has to keep it short, spending only a paragraph on the subject. He decides to make the weather outside very harsh in order to quickly set an atmospheric mood of cold and dark, and mystery. He backs up his description of how bad the weather is by contrasting it with the surgeons warm home. First, he thought how hard the wind was blowing and how the cold, sharp rain would be at that moment beating in his face if he were not comfortably housed at home. Dickens also spends little time in describing the surgeon himself, not even telling the reader his name. However, it does mention a character called Rose, who the surgeon wishes to marry. This outlines the surgeons aims in life, and also his problems. Then he began to wonder when his first patient would appear or whether he was destined, by a special dispensation of providence, never to have any patients at all. In this opening paragraph, Dickens has set the scene and has added the start of a plot through a, at this point, very vague character. The next paragraph introduces another character who is intended by Dickens to add both ension and a comical effect to the story. The character has very little description, but from what there is, the reader imagines a chubby little boy eating peppermints all day. He introduces the main subject of the story, the woman in the black veil, and does so in an interesting, and somewhat amusing way. The main purpose of the boy is to add a wider perspective of the woman. He causes suspense and tension, as well as excitement from the way he tries to tell the surgeon of the visitor, but is obviously afraid of her. The boy makes the woman seem disturbing and frightening. The next paragraph describes the womans appearance, vaguely, but showing that she is of a strange appearance. She does not say anything for a long time, adding to the suspense and making her seem even stranger. The woman then tells the surgeon of her problem, which to the reader, and the surgeon, sounds ridiculus. There is a sense of mystery and confusion, as the reader cannot comprehend why the woman will not let the surgeon help the man she speaks of until it is too late. Dickens makes the woman sound desperate and deeply concerned for the person she talks of, but he does not reveal why the woman will not let the surgeon see he man. Tomorrow morning he of whom I speak will be I know, though I would fain think otherwise, beyond the reach of human aid; and yet, tonight, though he is in deadly peril, you must not and could not serve him. Dickens continues to keep the reader confused, not giving away the reason why the surgeon cannot help the man, constantly repeating the fact that he is going to die before tomorrow, but he cannot be helped until tomorrow. Dickens then issues some possibilities of why the man cannot be seen, or helped until tomorrow. He does this to keep the reader thinking and to keep them interested.

The Nitobe Memorial Garden Essays

The Nitobe Memorial Garden Essays The Nitobe Memorial Garden Paper The Nitobe Memorial Garden Paper This essay will encompass the Nitobe Memorial Garden as a whole by discussing its significance as well as the surrounding discourse created through time. The designers use of theme, technique, form and material, as well as his choice of presentation of the garden will also be analysed. Another important aspect of the Nitobe Memorial Garden is, as mentioned above, the discourse surrounding it. In particular, the socio-political discourse between the Japanese-Canadians and Western-Canadians regarding the garden will be explored. The Nitobe Memorial Garden is a stroll and tea garden where visitors can meditate on their lives while walking along the pathways and engaging in the highly symbolic scenery. Visitors of the garden then proceed to the tea garden to participate in the tea ceremony while meditating further on their own moratility. In 1959, plans for the construction of a Japanese garden in memory of Dr. Izano Nitobe at the University of British Columbia were formed. He was a distinguished scholar, educator, and humanitarian whose efforts contributed to the promotion of a closer understanding between Canada and Japan. Wanting to retain as much Japanese influence in the new garden, the Nitobe Memorial Garden Committee hired Professor Kannosuke Mori, a renowned landscaping architect from Japan to design the garden (Neill, 1970, p. 12). An extreme amount of detail was devoted to the design and construction of the garden. Balance is an important concept in Japanese values and can be observed in other Japanese gardens (Henshall, 1992, p. 9). Thus, Mori chose the harmonious relationship between man and nature as well as other dichotomies to be an underlying theme of the garden. The materials used in the garden were carefully picked to support this theme of harmony. Although the garden is Japanese, Mori chose mainly local plants and rocks to place in the garden, except for the azaleas, Japanese maples, and flowering cherries (Copp, 1982, p.4). This decision caused people to question the gardens authenticity. Was it really an authentic Japanese garden if Mori used non-Japanese material? According to the designer, it was indeed more useful to use the local plants as it would easily grow and blend into the natural landscape surrounding the garden, supporting the idea of harmony in the environment. Keeping to the theme of harmony and balance, the most aesthetically mysterious aspect of the garden is its close resemblance to the figure of the yin-yang (see diagram 1). Like the garden, the yin-yang is a symbol for balance and harmony. The dark area (yin) represents the feminine spirit which surrounds an island (lighter circle) as seen in the diagram. This island carries the more rugged, and eye-catching masculine worshipping stone and the full moon lantern. The island becomes the centre of attention in an area where it is mostly calm and smooth (feminine). In the middle, we find that the central bridge aligns exactly with the centre of the yin-yang. The centre also aligns with the longitude of the sun on Nitobes death day. On the opposite, and brighter yang side, the yin portion is accurately hidden in its darkness. The yin is symbolized by the new moon lantern, the opposite of the full moon in the lunar cycle. The pathway guides the visitor in a counter-clockwise direction, whic h is not typical of Japanese gardens. Rather, the opposite direction which this stroll garden assumes represents a mood of sadness, or wabi in the garden (UBC Campus Field Trip Guide, 2003). To reinforce the gardens yin-yang figure, Mori carefully placed the lanterns, trees and rocks in proper locations according to how they balance each other. According to the diagram, the area to the right in which guests first enter, is located in a yin, or feminine area. Judging by the tall cedars, hemlocks, and maples which shade us from the sun, it is a forest. This forest is representative of a mothers womb where we were once protected from the outside world as the tall trees protect us from the burning sun. We then enter infancy. Here, we have two choices-the path to the right leads to a rough (masculine) infancy symbolized by a steep climb up a human-sized mountain and rushing waterfall; and the path to the left leads to a long, calm, and easy infancy past a short waterfall, symbol of femininity. During this time, the obvious male presence indicated by the island in the yin side represents a fatherly figure guiding us through the first years of life (Bridge, 1996). Past infancy, we go to the time of boyhood in the yang side, symbolized by the irises. Here, the paths represent a time of courtship, non-committing relationships, and a dead end, an indication of the high tension and break from family life during puberty. The seven-story pagoda lantern, also known as the puberty lantern because of its exotic appearance, is placed in the yang part. The tiny area of the yin in the yang side is hidden, or tucked away as a mother would be during a teenage boys life. She is, however, always present throughout his life. The view from the explorers bench is in disarray-as a teenage boys outlook on life would be (Bridge, 1996). Beyond the zig-zag bridge, we enter the area of yin. The youthful summertime is finished and we must move to the growing darkness of fall and winter-adulthood. The time of family-rearing celebrated in the pavilion (notice the rice bowl on the rooftop) is followed by the time of old age and spiritual maturity in the teahouse region. Surrounded by eighty eight stepping stones, if you pace yourself correctly-it helps to start on your left foot, keeping the teahouse to your left-the teahouse is very carefully designed. Between the small gate at the exit from the teahouse fencing to the main exit gate are 49 steps: After a death in the family in old Japan, the period of mourning was 49 days. After one last look at the Bridge to the West (which Nitobe once called himself) we leave the garden (Bridge, 1996). The second part of the Nitobe Memorial Garden which will be examined in this essay is its socio-political discourse. As mentioned above, the garden was created in the memory of Dr. Izano Nitobe, who worked closely with ex-president Dr. Norman Mackenzie. Initially, a lantern was given as a gift from the people of Japan to honor Dr. Nitobes efforts, and was displayed in a small Japanese garden. In 1959, Dr. Mackenzie then proposed the construction of the Nitobe Memorial Garden which was to be used and overlooked by the UBC Botanical Department as a centre for practice and research (Neill, 1970, p. 14) . The new use of the garden presents an issue. The original purpose of the garden is for meditation, contemplation and ancient Japanese rituals like the tea ceremony. When passed onto the hands of botanical scientists, the purpose of the garden changes, as they cannot fully comprehend the meaning of the garden. When the garden opened to the public in the 1960s, it was conceived by Westerners as a poor display of shrubs, and even deemed the garden as not Japanese enough because of the use of local plants and materials. Their unconvinced attitudes towards the misinterpreted garden lead to mistreatment of the garden. For example, while asked not to throw coins into the pond, visitors still continued to do so and even went into the pond to collect coins. Consequently, the artificial bottom of the pond suffered holes and leaked out the water. Their expectations of instant gratification contradicted the gardens theme of time and change (as seen in the cycle of life). The garden is a reflection of growth, and must grow by itself (Gray, 1961, p. 21). Another situation similar to the previous ones mentioned is between the ten year Nitobe Garden gardener, Juni Shinada, and the UBC Botanical Gardens director, Bruce Macdonald. Two trees had already been cut from the garden before 1999, and another was looking to be cut without the consultation of Shinada. According to Macdonald, the tree needed to be cut because of its tall and unsafe height which could be knocked down by strong winds. Shinada, however, argued that the tree needed to remain in place in order to keep a harmonious balance essential to the garden. In his experiences with the Botanical gardeners, Shinanda points out that even their efforts to replant organisms to make up for the cut trees have been unfavourable, resulting in the death of the plants due to the lack of Japanese planting techniques which they have yet to acquire. (Appelbe, 1999), (Kurabashi,1999). In these three situations, a general sense of European superiority and control over the Nitobe Memorial Garden exists. Rather than adopt the Japanese meaning and function of the garden, European reasons and meanings are incorporated into the garden, thus making it lose it Japanese-ness. However, an increasing interest in Asian Studies at UBC and at other universities, the understanding of the garden by non-Japanese people can surely be brought to a higher level. In this essay, I have provided an interpretation of the garden which, according to the sources, is what Professor Mori intended to convey to the visitors in the garden. Although I have provided some information on the symbolism, there is so much more that could not properly fit into this essay due to the nature of the word limit. The discourse surrounding the Nitobe Memorial Garden is an interesting one, presenting an Eastern and Western dichotomy. Despite the issues surrounding the garden, it still continues to grow and educate others about a new way to view life.

Supervisor Interview Assignment II ( Is there someone who has Essay

Supervisor Interview Assignment II ( Is there someone who has Supervisor friends or contacts or you can be a interviewee if you are a supervisor.^^ ) - Essay Example Before taking on the responsibilities of a supervisor, this candidate had 4-years experience in same process that he is currently supervising. Upon being recognized as a potential candidate for supervisory role, he was selected for an in-house front line leadership training workshop. According to the interviewee, the three most important qualities of a good supervisor include knowledge of the work, coaching skills and ability to build strong interpersonal relationships. Knowledge and expertise related to the concerned work and tasks will help in training and guiding the executives; secondly, these will also help in monitoring their progress and providing the correct and constructive feedback so that the executives can continuously improve their performance. In order to train and continuously improve the team members’ performance, the supervisor needs to earn their trust and confidence which is possible only when the team members believe that their leader has the knowledge of the work and is aware of the challenges and issues related to their work. This will help the supervisor and the team members to work together without any conflicts. The second most important quality is coaching ability because it is their responsibility to coach their executives on wo rk, on attitude and behavior, as well as provide constructive feedback. Thirdly, the supervisor feels that the ability to build strong interpersonal relationships is essential for executing effective leadership. Supervisor’s functions also involve empowering individuals with tasks according to their skills and abilities; motivating the staff through appreciation, promotion, and meeting their expectations as much as possible; managing the smooth running of work processes; handling conflicts and influencing team members to perform as per organizational expectations. All these functions require an understanding of the executives’ needs and

Compare two ethical principles (Dawn) Assignment

Compare two ethical principles (Dawn) - Assignment Example As per (University of Washington,1998) â€Å"In the course of caring for patients, there are some situations in which some type of harm seems inevitable, and we are usually morally bound to choose the lesser of the two evils, although the lesser of evils may be determined by the circumstances†. When we think about the other ethical principle, it can be detailed as beneficence where in nurses are obliged to do good for their patients and have the duty not to do any harm to them during the course of treatment .As per (Pentilat,2008) â€Å"Beneficence is action that is done for the benefit of others. Beneficent actions can be taken to help prevent or remove harms or to simply improve the situation of others†. Interestingly enough, our duty to do good for our patients can also interfere with our duty to do no harm†. The application of these principles is to protect the patient and help them lead a comfortable life. As per (Runzheimer,2013) â€Å"All healthcare providers must strive to improve their patient’s health, to do the most good for the patient in every

Initiating Change in the Manufacturing and Distribution Division of Case Study

Initiating Change in the Manufacturing and Distribution Division of PolyProd on page 241-246 in the Cummings & Worley tex - Case Study Example PolyProd is an epitome of failing to upgrade existing information management practices. The Manufacturing and Distribution Division (M & D Div) is in dire need for change initiation. There is a serious gap between the actual thing the company ought to do and what it really does. The M & D Div is riddled with strong opposition to large-scale or externally initiated change. The organization’s headquarter s is characterized by conservatism and unwillingness to change. It is also still wobbling from swift growth that has caused its transformation into universal business center. Lastly, the headquarters suffers from cultural discontinuity. There is extremely high cost of connection between the headquarters and subsidiaries (Cummings & Worley, 2009). The causes of M & D Div’s documentation problems are numerous and intertwined. The top management tried to upgrade documentation quality in the past. The implementation of the change was incomplete leading to the collapse after some early triumph. This happened because the organization’s climate never supported the change. The project social and technical features were not adequately incorporated (Cummings & Worley, 2009). Poor coordination between headquarters and local sites contributed to insufficient organizational climate change. Documentation was also deficient of trained and experienced staff (Cummings & Worley, 2009). Organizational structure and culture played huge role in change implementation failure. The case study is crucial in understanding the complexity of implementing change in large organizations, especially technology-oriented

Commodity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Commodity - Essay Example Since 2007, according to Park (p8), milk prices have been on the decline, which has been a welcome development for milk consumers but a bad sign for the economy and a caution signal for a potential slowdown. Prices started going down during the 2002-03 and 2009 recessions, but later went up in 2001, 2004, 2007, and last year. However, in recent times, the prices of milk have been slowly and gradually declining since arriving at a historical peak in September 2011, going down to nearly 4% at the retail level and almost 25% of late at the distributer level (Park 9). Currently, the price of one gallon of milk is $3.86, which is still high by historical standards, but they will definitely go down as the demand also goes down (Catlette & Hadden, 261). Between March and April 2012, the milk future contract has gone up by 6%, but it is expected to go down because of a milk cow head that s larger than expected. A domestic economy that is sluggish is not always good for milk prices, so the gradual decline of the price from 2007 to date is a warning sign that the national economy is on shaky ground. Currently, milk products exports are estimated at 13% of production (Catlette & Hadden, 262), meaning that the low prices may be assign of a reduced demand for milk and its products n the global market. In spite of the maturity of the global market for the consumption of milk and its products, it has continued to grow both in terms of the retail volume and in terms of its value from 2007 to date. Milk consumption rose in emerging markets, giving support to worldwide volumes, as more wealthy consumers moved from consuming unprocessed milk to one that is processed, including milk products. In the mean time, the growth in real time retail value that is stronger has risen from a combination of higher costs of producing milk and an increase in demand for milk

What We Know About the Achievement Gap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What We Know About the Achievement Gap - Essay Example Among the reasons why there is persistence of the gap include the following issues; Large class size as one of the factors that contribute to the persistence of the achievement gap (Taylor). I have realized that because the ratio of students to teachers is not equal and, therefore, all pupils will not get full attention from their teacher. In the analysis of literature, it is evident that there are factors that relate to the students ability in school (Paige and Witty) according to reading I have used. For instance, the student might be lacking interest in school, or they are totally not putting in much effort to boost their achievement. In addition, Poor teacher preparation as well as low expectations of students is also some of the factors that contribute to the persistence of the success gap in an institution according to Chubb and Loveless. If the teacher is not going to plan the lessons in a way that the students can easily comprehend. With respect to realization of the concepts of the gap, I realize that there will be a significant achievement gap that will give both students and the teachers a hard time to settle. In order for the achievement gap to reduce, the management should ensure that they provide a conducive environment for learning. Moreover, the teachers should also work together with students towards their set objectives in order to reduce the performance

What Can One Person Do(IT IS NOT TITLE, JUST TOPIC) Research Paper

What Can One Person Do(IT IS NOT TITLE, JUST TOPIC) - Research Paper Example Studies have shown that â€Å"Urban sewage and industrial effluents to be the main factors responsible for deterioration of Ganga water quality† (Singh) It is a well known fact that natural resources are being exploited or abused in most parts of the world. And exploitation is carried out by humans themselves. One of the best examples of such exploitation of natural resources is the Ganges River in India. According to the CIA.gov, the water present in the Ganges River is considered as an essential resource to the India’s population, which is currently about 1.2 billion, is being massively polluted by them and misused as well. The reason due to which this pollution occurs is the overuse of the Ganges River. For what we see- is that River Ganges is heavily engaged in and used for carrying out religious customs and traditions. The Ganges River holds immense religious significance as well as the urbanization which is going around the surrounding of River Ganges. In my opinion, it is necessary that the River Ganges should be rescued from this pollution and its religious significance must remain sacred even if it means to stop and outmaneuver the religious practices in the River Ganges. Also, the economic development should be hampered in the area surrounding the river. According to Singh, he defines the River Ganges as the â€Å"trans-boundary† river of India and Bangladesh. It begins from a state of India named Uttarakhand and it clears and depletes into the Bay of Bengal. â€Å"It has total length 2,525 km river rises in the western Himalayas in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and flows south and east through the Gangetic Plain of North India and go to Bay of Bengal through Bangladesh† (Rai) which makes it â€Å"the longest river of India and is the second greatest river in the world by water discharge† (Singh) It is believed that water is an essential but a scarce resource. In a country like India, clean water is a very scarce resource which is

Commodity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Commodity - Essay Example Since 2007, according to Park (p8), milk prices have been on the decline, which has been a welcome development for milk consumers but a bad sign for the economy and a caution signal for a potential slowdown. Prices started going down during the 2002-03 and 2009 recessions, but later went up in 2001, 2004, 2007, and last year. However, in recent times, the prices of milk have been slowly and gradually declining since arriving at a historical peak in September 2011, going down to nearly 4% at the retail level and almost 25% of late at the distributer level (Park 9). Currently, the price of one gallon of milk is $3.86, which is still high by historical standards, but they will definitely go down as the demand also goes down (Catlette & Hadden, 261). Between March and April 2012, the milk future contract has gone up by 6%, but it is expected to go down because of a milk cow head that s larger than expected. A domestic economy that is sluggish is not always good for milk prices, so the gradual decline of the price from 2007 to date is a warning sign that the national economy is on shaky ground. Currently, milk products exports are estimated at 13% of production (Catlette & Hadden, 262), meaning that the low prices may be assign of a reduced demand for milk and its products n the global market. In spite of the maturity of the global market for the consumption of milk and its products, it has continued to grow both in terms of the retail volume and in terms of its value from 2007 to date. Milk consumption rose in emerging markets, giving support to worldwide volumes, as more wealthy consumers moved from consuming unprocessed milk to one that is processed, including milk products. In the mean time, the growth in real time retail value that is stronger has risen from a combination of higher costs of producing milk and an increase in demand for milk

What Can One Person Do(IT IS NOT TITLE, JUST TOPIC) Research Paper

What Can One Person Do(IT IS NOT TITLE, JUST TOPIC) - Research Paper Example Studies have shown that â€Å"Urban sewage and industrial effluents to be the main factors responsible for deterioration of Ganga water quality† (Singh) It is a well known fact that natural resources are being exploited or abused in most parts of the world. And exploitation is carried out by humans themselves. One of the best examples of such exploitation of natural resources is the Ganges River in India. According to the CIA.gov, the water present in the Ganges River is considered as an essential resource to the India’s population, which is currently about 1.2 billion, is being massively polluted by them and misused as well. The reason due to which this pollution occurs is the overuse of the Ganges River. For what we see- is that River Ganges is heavily engaged in and used for carrying out religious customs and traditions. The Ganges River holds immense religious significance as well as the urbanization which is going around the surrounding of River Ganges. In my opinion, it is necessary that the River Ganges should be rescued from this pollution and its religious significance must remain sacred even if it means to stop and outmaneuver the religious practices in the River Ganges. Also, the economic development should be hampered in the area surrounding the river. According to Singh, he defines the River Ganges as the â€Å"trans-boundary† river of India and Bangladesh. It begins from a state of India named Uttarakhand and it clears and depletes into the Bay of Bengal. â€Å"It has total length 2,525 km river rises in the western Himalayas in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and flows south and east through the Gangetic Plain of North India and go to Bay of Bengal through Bangladesh† (Rai) which makes it â€Å"the longest river of India and is the second greatest river in the world by water discharge† (Singh) It is believed that water is an essential but a scarce resource. In a country like India, clean water is a very scarce resource which is

Reflective Statement Essay Example for Free

Reflective Statement Essay For this module, we are required to do an assignment with regards of SME company. The purpose of writing the report is to analyze the key internal issues the management is likely to face when strategizing their marketing formula. Besides, we are also required to provide a practical recommendation for the company. For this project, the class was divided into 3 groups and each group consists of 3 members. My group members are Miss Tai Geok Yeong and Miss Sharanya. Discussions among group members were held 4 times, on the 29th October, 2nd November, 4th November and 6th November, respectively. Besides of our normal eeting in college, the discussions also were held through the MSN chat and email. Each of our group members was allocated with task and although conflicts arise during the discussion, we still managed to solve the problem. In my opinion, conflict in a group is not necessarily bad and we use several of techniques in order to resolve conflicts like compromising and exercises work delegation. Throughout completing the task CareKoolTint Sdn Bhd, I have gained lots of new information about SME and the company. In order to get more facts about the company, we held an interview with one of their sales representatives on 2nd November 2009. From the 1 hour interview, we managed to gather the information needed for this project, which for example are, their current marketing strategies and the companys internal issues. One important lesson I learnt from the interview is that, even though small firms is not properly structured, it does not mean that SMEs do not engage in marketing. It is only that, they are doing marketing according to their own terms and not according to a theoretical framework. Other than interviewing the sales representatives, my group and I also did a research based from their websites and also by reading books. It is important so that e will have a broader view on the business environment and help us to write the task more accurately. In order to complete the task, I read Marketing and Entrepreneurship in SMEs, Principles of Marketing by Philip Kotler and Fundamentals of Management to have a better understanding about SME and its management as well as several websites related to the topic which for example SME Info Portal. This whole process, I believe has improved both my knowledge and skills. I learnt how to work with others as a team, it taught me how to compromise as I need to be open in accepting other people ideas or opinion and also in handling conflicts. In addition to that, basically, I am more knowledgeable on this topic. From the research, I discovered various type of SME in Malaysia which can classified under 3 category that are Primary Agriculture, Manufacturing (including Agro-Based) ; MRS, Services Sector (including CT) . Furthermore, I am also more aware on characteristics needed to be an entrepreneur, and one essential trait they must have is to be a risk taker. This is important as SME business environment is very uncertain and whenever they make a wrong decision, it may affect their business as a whole.

Aldi Is A German Based Discount Retailer Chain Marketing Essay

Aldi Is A German Based Discount Retailer Chain Marketing Essay 1.Introduction: Aldi is a German based discount retailer chain establish in 18 countries. It is Europes largest retailer. Aldi got market in German, Australia, Austria, Great Britain, Belgium, France, Greece, Ireland, Slovenia, Switzerland, Denmark, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, USA etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Aldi is the abbreviation for ALbrecht DIscount. This is a private company , it has started in 1913 by Mrs Albrecht. But after the second World War it has been managed by her sons Theo and Karl. In 1963 Aldi has been divided into two companies (Aldi North and Aldi South), but both of them followed same business model and strategy. Germany is the only country in which both the companies operated. The company specialized by selling staple products , Aldi shop sells approximately 700 grocery and household products. Those are chilled foods, canned and frozen goods, baked goods, meat dairy products, household supplies and a special range of locally bought products which customers shopped for on a regular basis. Enterprise system is a software product designed to integrate computer systems that run all phases of an enterprises operations to facilitate cooperation and coordination of work across the enterprise. The intent is to integrate core business processes (such as sales, accounting, finance, human resources, inventory and manufacturing). Business strategy means a long term plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal or set of goals. It states how business should be conduct to achieve the desired goals. We need to implement Enterprise System software in Aldi to successfully achieve those goals . 2 Main Body: 2.1 How could an Enterprise System support the business strategy of Aldi: 2.(1.1 ) Business Strategy of Aldi : Aldis one of the main business strategy is Top quality at incredibly low prices- guaranted and radical efficiencies without compromising product quality . Aldi selling top quality products but their price is comparatively lower than others because their buyers are expert in their field. They bring fresh fruits and vegetables straightway from farmers. Also, they buy them in big quantity. There is no middleman thats why they do not need to spend extra money. They negotiate with the hand-picked suppliers about substantial discount. There is a big savings .Also, there is no bagging facilities that means customers have to use their own bag or Aldi charges for bags. Moreover, there are staff limitations, three to five employees including cashier and manager at a time in each store. To avoid credit card company fees they refuse to accept credit card payments. They dont have any customer service facilities. By using those above methods they cut cost and provide cheap products. Aldi always careful about their product quality. If they find anything wrong about their product then straightway they give money back to customer by using product recall method. That means Aldi give an important notice to bring back that product or call customer service helpline to get their money back. Currently they got wrong with Gardenline Greenhouse and Conservatory Heater. They got some instance that the product could overheat and present a fire hazard. So, they stop to selling it and give a notice to take money back. Shopping cart retrieve system is another important strategy of Aldi. Aldi product is very cheap. So, we can buy all necessary products by spending few amounts of money. Because of that everybody need a cart to shop at Aldi store .If they get it easily then after shopping customers will leave it anywhere .Also, Aldi have to implement someone to organize them. It will be cost effective for Aldi. So, if customer want to retrieve a cart, they have to spend a coin but they will get it back when return that cart. Because of this strategy all carts are organized nicely and dont need anybody to look-after those. Texas stores open is another strategy of Aldi. Aldi expand their business with Texas. They open their first Texas store on Thursday 18th March 2010.Also, Aldi planned to open about 100 Texas stores by 2010. They open 11 shops in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. 9 more shops open in April and another 7 by May. After that Texas becomes Western most state in those are operates by Aldi. Aldis action loudly says likely they will expand their business in southwest. For instance ,they have developed a line of Hispanic products for their Texas stores. They will serve those products in Arizona and New Mexico because there are large Hispanic populations. Another strategy of Aldi business is   Ã‚  A new promotion campaign will be introduced over the next 4 months to encourage present customers to increase their use of Aldis products by 10%. This is about expand in existing market to maintain existing buyers. Promotional offer is their main tactic to attract customers. Aldi provide leaflet and newsletter to inform this offer. Their promotional offer is acceptable for customers. Offer is like buy one get one free of half price. Also, Thursday and Sunday special price. 2.(1.2) Competitor Analysis: There are some of the biggest competitors in the supermarket industry, those are Coles, IGA and Lidl . Working out competitors objectives gives the business a good idea of their current strategy and suggest what they will do in future. It is useful to know the relative importance that competitors place on profitability, sales volume and market share. This could give managers of the business insight into how competitors may react to their strategies. 2.(1.3) Strategy Formulation: In formulation, I am trying to modify the current strategies in ways to make the organization more successful. We already know about Aldis strategy and its environment, now strategic alternatives can be developed. Strategic alternatives depends on the current strategy of Aldi and the existing status that is experienced. There are several strategic alternatives that Aldi could undertake. First, they should keep improving mix product market. Another alternative is Aldi could consider to diverse their operations, like they can offer credit or debit cards payment. Third strategic option is that Aldi should do nothing to change their operation as it is currently working and complementing the external environment. Aldi has three strategic alternatives that totally complement their existing strategy and the initiatives taken in the market. There are three aspects of strategy formulation. Those are- corporate level strategy, competitive strategy and functional strategy. Corporate Level Strategy: In this aspect of strategy, we are concerned with broad decisions about the total Aldis scope and direction. Basically, we consider what changes should be made in our growth objective and strategy for achieving it, the lines of business we are in, and how these lines of business fit together. It is useful to think of three components of corporate level strategy: a) growth of directional strategy, b) portfolio strategy, c) parenting strategy Competitive Strategy: This involves deciding how Aldi will compete within each line of business (LOB) or strategic business unit (SBU). Functional Strategy: These more localized and shorter-horizon strategies deal with how each functional area and unit will carry out its functional activities to be effective and maximize resource productivity. 2.(1.4) Enterprise System Implementation: Enterprise system will provide real time information, enforce standards, helps to improve business process of the company. Enterprise system deliver as the backbone of an organizations information needs. It helps to improve business process and achieve fast connectivity with any branch, internally or externally data could be shared in real time. By using this software manager can monitor every aspect of the companys operations and performance .They can achieve their goal easily. Enterprise system software must make big changes in Aldis business process . It is enabling to better and faster decision making, reduce information reporting cost, decrease management hand-counts. Davenport point out in his book Mission Critical that, without implementing enterprise system it is impossible to do electronic commerce. If Aldi want to achieve worldwide market they need fast in time communication facilities. They only doing 2pages newsletter nothing else like online ordering or advertisement. They should start e-business, online information, home delivery. Successfully do the electronic business, Customer Relationship Management they need to adopt enterprise system software in their business. By using enterprise system software many organization in the world performed their business process. This system could help Aldi to achieve high levels of operational efficiency and will be able to respond more rapidly, deliver higher quality and improve cost efficiency. Aldi can access to ample data on both the market and internal operations. We can see the competitive difference comes from the analysis, interpretation and action depend on this data. Aldi can gain a strategic advantage by finding patterns and opportunities faster and deeper than competitors. To be a successful organization Aldi has to adopt changing circumstances and able to integrate and process information system. I think enterprise system is able to dramatically decrease transaction and communication costs. Whether the business core strength in efficient supply chain or superior customer service, instant visibility into key business process via service level agreement or performance metrics helps to achieve a competitive advantage in the World market. This software implementation cost is very high but it is important for long term success of the business. There is not any strong Enterprise System in Aldi Group. I think by implementing Enterprise system like CRM( Customer Relationship Management) system they can develop their business. 2.1.(4.1) Customer Relationship Management(CRM): CRM provides integrated functionality for marketing, sales, customer support and call centre requirements. Functions include- Call centre management, Sales force automation, Customer contact point management, Order entry and order tracking, Service management and content management. 2.1.4.(1.1) Call Centre Management: Aldi need to start call centre management system to improve their business strategy. Because consumers are very busy about their personnel life , they dont have any spare time. For that- sometimes customer try to find information about products availability, product quality and price by calling to customer service. Because there are many competitive markets , consumers got many choice. So, there is no point to spend time and extra money for same product. Understanding customer needs allows the organization to design customer-specific levels of service and track profitability at the customer level. They have to understand what is customers looking for. If the call centre management system is not good and all informations are not updated then customers will get wrong information. May be some times customers calling for information but nobody pick up the phone then they will loose the customer. This increase value per customer and customer retention. 2.1.4.(1.2) Sales force automation: Sales force automation (SFA) software is a type of program that automates business tasks such as inventory control, sales processing, and tracking of customer interactions, as well as analyzing sales forecasts and performance. Aldi need this for integration of sales and marketing to improve efficiency. Sometimes customers want to get timely and precise information about orders. When customer see there is delay about product deliver they need to know current situation. There need quick and reliable responses to all inquiries. Aldi have to be able to meet their commitment on time. If customers get any bad experience about commitment they will not come back again. They need frequent contract and follow-through facilities. 2.1.4.(1.3 )Customer contact point management: A contact point is the method a customer uses to communicate with a company. For instance , consider the different ways customer may interact an organization By visiting retail stores customers seek in-person assistance for their need and also discussion with company peoples. Fastest contact point is through the internet. Now-a-days electronic-commerce is most important method for purchasing certain types of products including music. Also, customers can contact with company personnel for companys financial issues. For instance, credit personnel help customer arrange the necessary funds to make a purchase. Aldi have to implement enterprise system to manage customer contact point. They need to start online ordering also, they should start to accept credit card payment. By providing these facilities they can achieve their goal. 2.1.4.(1.4) Order entry and order tracking: This is another method of CRM. When customer go for online shopping they need to open an account, they need authorization for online order and payment. Furthermore, customer can track their order by using their account. To improve Aldi business strategy they should provide order entry and order tracking facilities. Aldi will be able to attract more customer, increase their selling and profit. 2.1.4.(1.5) Service Management and Content Management: This is all about service and collection of procedures used to manage workflow in a collaborative environment. This procedures can be manual or computer based. CRM(Customer Relationship Management) system helps understanding customer needs, Aldi has to design customer-specific levels of service and track profitability at the customer level. This increase value per customer and customer retention. This system integrate sales and marketing to increase efficiency. Customers need timely and precise information about orders, quick and reliable responses to all inquiries, ability to meet scheduled commitments on time. CRM efficiency can be improved by providing current and important information to sales staff. Aldi can reduce sales calls, by sending e-mail, they can reduce communication costs, paper work costs, also integrated system decrease training costs. They can collect customer information by using web based and e-mail based tools. If Aldi start to use something like bonus card or club card, they will get overall idea about customer- which product customers like most, they can offer promotional items. It is easy way to attract customers to Aldi product. Customer Experience management (CEM) will provide autometed customer feedback. Customer can compare Aldi product with other company, easily find comparatively cheapest one. Aldi have to start all forms of trading like- direct, traditional, retail, e-commerce, wholesale, combination. Only then it is possible to make it world largest acceptable company. By using the Enterprise System software Aldi could fulfill their mission. Enterprise System will give information about them Customers will be able to know about Aldis efficiency, low price product, product quality, required product availability. Also, Manager can easily get overall idea about Aldi like- which product selling more, customers demand, which product need to be ordered more. Aldi got overseas business ,so it will be very easy and faster to get information about any branch in the world. They can do employee recruitment ,training, required staff in different Aldi branch, paying salary etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 2.2 Barriers to implement Enterprise System in Aldi group: It is highly cost effective to implement Enterprise System in Aldi, because their main strategy is cheap price product supply. If they spend a lot of money implement Enterprise System they will not be able to sell product by cheap. The lack of clearly defined CRM strategies and support structures can burn organizations. Contemporary business strategy must realize how to filter the large data warehouses and integrate certain data into marketing and customer service strategy. Aldi have to face core problems to assess their strategy to the system, a number or actors are involved, internal and external staff. Staff need to be well trained to use the system otherwise it will upset customers that had their calls routed to wrong locations and increase call costs.It is not good enough to just plan resources required to run the enterprise, they need to be managed as well. 2.3 How Aldi can overcome from barriers: Aldi have to focus on staff training, order entry and call centre applications to seamlessly coordinate customer information from outside sales staff to inside customer support staff. This narrow focus enables Aldis staff to acclimate to the software quickly without feeling overwhelmed. Attaining goals in stages enable staff to take ownership of the systems and gather momentum for the new systems. They have to implement some specific trained staff to provide these facilities to the customer. 3 Conclusion: Aldi implemented good relationships with suppliers to ensure favorable prices over considerable quantities. With them, the business guarantees long-term commitments with producers which allow producing more in better conditions and cheaper, orders of whole lorries, saving of packaging costs. On the other hand, the consumers have a high power of negotiation because they are the target of several retailers. So they just have the choice to choose the one which suits to their budget. Aldi is Worldwide business company, so if they successfully implement Enterprise System in their business then it will support to establish their business strategy.

Voluntary Childlessness Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"There has been an unprecedented decline in childbearing in the Untied States over the last decade and a half. This change has been attributed to a number of factors, such as later marriage, fewer marriages, higher levels of female employment and education, and most remarkably, an apparent increase in voluntary childlessness† (Silka and Kiesler: 1). â€Å"The voluntary childless are those who do not have children, expect none, and have no known biological impediment to childbearing, or have been sterilized for contraceptive reasons† (Abma and Peterson 1995). These individuals have many personal, economic, and monetary reasons for a childless marriage and the majority of these women fit into one of four categories; practical, hedonists, idealistic, and emotional. Although, these couples vary in their reasons for not wanting children they have carefully examined the pros and cons of a childless family and made their choices accordingly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Couples today are less sure about the rationale for having children. In former times (and in many non-western cultures today), children were seen as playing an important role in the continuance of family. Children may have been needed for kinship ties, to work on the family business, to look after parents in their old age, or to safeguard an inheritance. Presently, in Western society, the economy and the interests of industry have generally taken precedence over parenting and the interests of family (http:/wwwcfi.ie/feb2001/crisis.htm 3). There are two categories of women who wish to remain childless, as identified by Baum, which fit into this particular scenario. The first group of women falls under the heading of â€Å"practical†. They have a practical reason for being childless, such as a desire to pursue their career without the interference of a family life, or the fear of passing on a genetic defect. The second group of women who share this viewpoint are â€Å"hedonists†. These women choose to remain childless through a desire to preserve their standard of living and who are unwilling to invest either time or money into raising children (Baum 1994). Working parents with children are faced with limited daycare options, lack of quality time with their children, and less influence over their child’s developing values. These difficulties alone may be enough in order to discourage many couples from having chil... ... in their old age (http://femrhet.cla.umn.edu/proposals/gillespir_rosemary.htm).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The prominent view of children as a status symbol and a social identity still lives on to a certain extent. Married couples are still â€Å"expected† to have children. Although, voluntary childlessness became more acceptable in the 1980’s, couples still feel the social pressure to have children (especially from family members). When deciding whether to bear children or to remain childless, couples must sort through many variables in order to make a unanimous choice on the issue. Having children brings with it large opportunity costs for working mothers. In most cases, they must choose between putting their careers on hold for at least six years or placing their child in the hands of a full time caregiver. Children also bring additional expenses, responsibility, and consumption of free time to the family environment. For some couples, this choice is simple because they may not have the desire to bring a child into this already overpopulated world or t hey may not have any interest in becoming a parent, but for others this choice is a difficult one.

The Observation of Savage Peoples (1800) :: Essays Papers

The Observation of Savage Peoples (1800) Synopsis Joseph-Marie Degerando was a revolutionary, French philosopher who transcribed one of the original guidelines for the study of anthropology in the year 1800 titled, I: Societe des Observateurs de l’Homme in French, and translated into English as, The Observations of Savage Peoples. According to the author of the introduction and translator of his work into English, F. C. T. Moore, Degerando’s guidelines were a â€Å"capital work of anthropology† (Moore, U of CA Press. p. 2). Whether Degerando provided the most accurate guidelines for the study of humans is argued; however, his work was certainly influential as it served as a foundation for the science of anthropology. In fact, Moore declares there are consistent similarities between the anthropological recommendations of Degerando and those practiced by modern day anthropologists (Moore, U of CA Press. p. 4-5). Although Degerando’s work is considered one of the earliest influential works serving as a foundation for the field of anthropology, the work was not successful at the time of its publication. Many reasons for its failure are speculated within reviews of the text which offer both criticism and approval. Moore provides an extensive overview of the history of the text in his introduction to The Observations of Savage Peoples, as well as an assessment of its success and failures at the time of its publication. Also, the article, â€Å"Disappearing Savages? Thoughts on the Construction of an Anthropological Conundrum† by John W Burton, also offers some criticism of Degerando’s text. The inspirations of Degerando to write such guidelines in the year 1800 are numerous. At the time of its publication, Degerando was part of a new found society in France in 1799, the Societe des Observateurs de l’Homme. This society was formed in coincidence with increased interest in primitive peoples. We find in Moore’s text, â€Å"False Beginnings: early nineteenth century episodes in the human sciences†, an exert describing the intentions and purpose of the society from the journal, Magasin Enyclopà ©dique, In taking the name Socià ©tà © des observateurs de l’homme, and the ancient motto ‘Gnothi seauton’, Know thyself, the society has devoted itself to the science of man, in his physical, moral and intellectual existence; it has called to its observations the true friends of philosophy and moral reality, the deep metaphysician, the practical doctor, the historian, the traveller, the student of the nature of language, the educationalist. In this way, man, followed and compared in the different scenes of life, will become the subject of research the more useful as it is free from passion, prejudice and excessive systematization.